First: It is not a color range issue as the luminance channel is not affected, so it's the rgb -> yuv conversion happening inside FFmpeg.
A workaround that might help: Avoid the AfterEffects renderer and use MediaEncoder to export your comp.
btw: A color conversion from RGB > YUV (> RGB) is always lossy as the YUV color space is smaller than the RGB color space. So this is not only a Voukoder issue. It is also happening if you export with AfterEffects internal ProRes 4444 encoder.